Conditions & medical uses醫療用途
What a pessary helps with子宮托能改善的問題
Pessaries are used mainly for pelvic organ prolapse and for stress urinary incontinence. Here is what those terms mean, and how support helps.子宮托主要用於盆腔器官脫垂及壓力性尿失禁。以下解釋這些情況的意思，以及承托如何發揮作用。
Pelvic organ prolapse盆腔器官脫垂
The pelvic organs are held up by a sling of muscles and tissue. When that support stretches or weakens — often after childbirth, with age, or after the menopause — one or more organs can sag downward into the vagina. This is called pelvic organ prolapse, and it is common. Many women describe a sense of pressure, heaviness, or something "coming down," which tends to be worse after a long day or during activity. 盆腔器官由一組肌肉和組織如吊床般承托。當這些支撐被拉鬆或變弱——常見於分娩後、隨年齡增長或更年期後——一個或多個器官便可能向下墜入陰道。這稱為盆腔器官脫垂，相當常見。許多女性形容感到壓力、下墜，或有東西「掉下來」的感覺，通常在一天結束時或活動時更明顯。
Clinicians often describe how far an organ has descended in degrees, from mild (slight descent, felt mainly on straining) to advanced (tissue resting at or beyond the vaginal opening). A pessary fills and supports the space so the organ is held closer to its normal position, easing the symptoms without an operation. 醫護人員常以「程度」描述器官下移的多少，由輕度（輕微下移，主要在用力時感覺到）到嚴重（組織停留於陰道口或以外）。子宮托填補並支撐該空間，使器官保持在較接近正常的位置，從而毋須手術即可緩解症狀。
To make this precise, many clinicians use a staging system called POP-Q. In plain terms it runs from Stage 0 (no descent) and Stage 1 (the lowest point still well inside) through Stage 2 (reaching near the vaginal opening), Stage 3 (clearly past it) and Stage 4 (essentially complete). You don't need to know the numbers — but it helps to know that the stage, measured during an examination, guides which pessary and size are tried first. 為了更準確，許多醫護人員會採用名為 POP-Q 的分期系統。簡單而言，由第 0 期（沒有下移）、第 1 期（最低點仍在陰道內較深處），到第 2 期（接近陰道口）、第 3 期（明顯超出陰道口）及第 4 期（幾近完全脫出）。您毋須記住這些數字——但了解分期（於檢查時量度）有助決定先試戴哪一款及哪個尺寸，會有幫助。
Common forms常見類型
Prolapse is named by which organ is affected. A pessary can support each of these.脫垂按受影響的器官命名。子宮托可為以下每種情況提供承托。
Cystocele — bladder膀胱膨出
The bladder presses into the front wall of the vagina. It can cause a bulge, a feeling of incomplete emptying, or urinary symptoms.膀胱壓向陰道前壁，可造成膨出感、小便排不淨的感覺，或其他泌尿症狀。
Rectocele — bowel直腸膨出
The rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina, sometimes making bowel movements harder to pass.直腸膨向陰道後壁，有時令排便較為困難。
Uterine prolapse子宮脫垂
The uterus itself descends into the vagina. This is one of the most common reasons a pessary is fitted.子宮本身下墜進入陰道，是配戴子宮托最常見的原因之一。
Vaginal wall prolapse陰道壁脫垂
After childbirth or surgery the vaginal walls themselves can lose support; a fitted pessary helps hold them up.分娩或手術後，陰道壁本身可能失去支撐；配戴合適的子宮托有助承托。
Stress urinary incontinence壓力性尿失禁
Stress incontinence is leaking that happens when pressure rises in the abdomen — coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting or exercising. Certain pessaries are shaped with a small raised knob or support that sits under the urethra (the tube that carries urine out). That extra support can stop small leaks at the moment the pressure peaks. 壓力性尿失禁是指腹部壓力上升時出現的漏尿——例如咳嗽、打噴嚏、大笑、提重物或運動。某些子宮托設有小凸鈕或承托，正好位於尿道（排出尿液的管道）下方。這額外的承托能在壓力達到高峰的一刻防止少量漏尿。
Prolapse and leaking often go together脫垂與漏尿常同時出現 Many women have both at once. Some pessary shapes are designed to support the prolapse and the urethra at the same time — which is part of why fitting is individual. 許多女性同時有這兩種情況。部分子宮托設計可同時承托脫垂與尿道——這也是為何配戴須因人而異。
When a pessary is not the answer不宜使用的情況
A pessary is not suitable during an active infection of the genital tract or pelvis, and it depends on a person being able to attend regular cleaning and follow-up. It is also not a cure for the underlying weakness — it manages symptoms while it is worn. Your clinician will weigh these points with you and may discuss pelvic floor exercises, hormone (estrogen) treatment, or surgery as alternatives or additions. 在生殖道或盆腔有急性感染期間不適合使用子宮托，而且使用者須能定期清潔及覆診。它亦不能根治根本的組織鬆弛——只在配戴期間管理症狀。醫護人員會與您一同衡量這些因素，並可能討論盆底肌運動、荷爾蒙（雌激素）治療或手術作為替代或輔助方案。